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"Primary Auditory Cortex"
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EFTA01035076
Dataset 9
2019-03-24
3p
968w
Subject:
Re: Closer To Truth Topics
From:
MARK TRAMO
To:
Robert Kuhn <1
…possible organizing principles, but much more look to your guidance and direction how best to structure 2-3 segments on "How Music Probes Mentality" and two on "How the Brain Makes Music". For example, we can do separate segments functionally: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, cognitive science, etc. Or separate segments at levels of the brain: cochlear/auditory nerve; thalamus to
primary auditory cortex
, whole brain including orbito-frontal, etc. Or focusing on end results: harmony, melody, rhythm. Or mentality: perception, cognition, emotion.…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01035076.pdf
EFTA01100146
Dataset 9
1p
1,042w
Primary Auditory Cortex
is Necessary for Fine-grained Loudness Perception Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology Andrew R. Dykstra;1,2Christine K. Koh2,,3Louis D. Braida2, '3Mark Jude Tramo2,4 1Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technologyl2Institute for Music and Brain Science,3Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine rteAT MIT 1. Introduction 3. Methods 1.A. Loudness perception is critical for understanding speech and appreciating music. 3.A. Stimulus delivery and…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01100146.pdf
EFTA00301576
Dataset 9
2018-11-15
7p
2,635w
…2018 by 6PM 1. Snap your finger. From the time your ventromedial 3rd fingertip forcefully strikes your dorsolateral 4ih fingertip (the sound source) to the time a detectable electrical signal appears in your
primary auditory cortex
(Al) is only about 13 thousandths of a second! (1.3 x 10' s = 13 ms.) If you are interested in analyzing that rapid an electrical response, you're going to need an instrument with an even smaller time window so you don…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00301576.pdf
EFTA00301583
Dataset 9
2018-11-01
3p
967w
…gyrus; 2) overlapped the granular layer with the densest staining of acetylcholinesterase; and 3) contained cells that were finely-tuned to pure-tone frequency at low tone amplitudes. These three microanatomical and electrophysiological properties are hallmarks of primate
primary auditory cortex
(A1). Therefore, it is likely that Case Al +'s stroke wiped out all of Al in both cerebral hemispheres. A previous experiment showed that consonance perception was also impaired in Case Al + (see Figure 7 of Tramo et al…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00301583.pdf
EFTA01890291
Dataset 10
2012-08-23
3p
937w
Subject:
Re: last month summary
From:
Jeffrey Epstein
…pathway and to the
primary auditory cortex
. Throughout the radiation pathway, frequency organization is linear in accordance to neural sensitivity; (human auditory neurons react to vibrations in air pressure that occur between 20 to 20,000 times per second-20hz to 20,000hz on the human audible spectrum). However, binaural fusion in the superior oliviary complex affects the signal strength of each ganglion. As a result, six tonotopic maps have been identified in the
primary auditory cortex
of humans: Pitches…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01890291.pdf
EFTA01891086
Dataset 10
2012-08-23
3p
968w
Subject:
Re: last month summary
To:
" vacation©gmail.com]
…pathway and to the
primary auditory cortex
. Throughout the radiation pathway, frequency organization is linear in accordance to neural sensitivity; (human auditory neurons react to vibrations in air pressure that occur between 20 to 20,000 times per second-20hz to 20,000hz on the human audible spectrum). However, binaural fusion in the superior oliviary complex affects the signal strength of each ganglion. As a result, six tonotopic maps have been identified in the
primary auditory cortex
of humans: Pitches…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01891086.pdf
EFTA01890262
Dataset 10
2012-08-23
2p
816w
Subject:
Re: last month summary
To:
ff @gmail.com)
…pathway and to the
primary auditory cortex
. Throughout the radiation pathway, frequency organization is linear in accordance to neural sensitivity; (human auditory neurons react to vibrations in air pressure that occur between 20 to 20,000 times per second-20hz to 20,000hz on the human audible spectrum). However, binaural fusion in the superior oliviary complex affects the signal strength of each ganglion. As a result, six tonotopic maps have been identified in the
primary auditory cortex
of humans. Pitches…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01890262.pdf
EFTA02008541
Dataset 10
2012-08-23
2p
811w
Subject:
Re: last month summary
To:
ieevacationt cmail.com[
[email protected]
]:
[email protected]
]
…pathway and to the
primary auditory cortex
. Throughout the radiation pathway, frequency organization is linear in accordance to neural sensitivity; (human auditory neurons react to vibrations in air pressure that occur between 20 to 20,000 times per second-20hz to 20,000hz on the human audible spectrum). However, binaural fusion in the superior oliviary complex affects the signal strength of each ganglion. As a result, six tonotopic maps have been identified in the
primary auditory cortex
of humans. Pitches…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA02008541.pdf
EFTA02368948
Dataset 11
2012-08-23
3p
809w
Subject:
Re: last month summary
To:
Jeffrey
…vibrates to incoming sound and at different sinusoidal frequencies d=e to variations in thickness and width along the length of the membrane. <=PAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">Tonotopy studies the spatial arrang=ment of frequencies along the basilar membrane. =he tonotopy of frequencies projects through the vestibulocochlear nerve, t=rough associated midbrain structures, through the auditory radiation pathw=y and to the
primary auditory cortex
. Throughout the radiation pathway, fr=quency organization is linear in accordance to neural sensitivity; =SPAN style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02368948.pdf
EFTA00593624
Dataset 9
2012-03-19
5p
651w
…2012 SESSION: AUDITORY NEUROPHYSIOLOGY-1 9:10 - 9:30 Tutorial: Auditory Neurophysiology (Jan Schnupp) 9:30 - 10:15 Israel Nelken, Music and
Primary auditory cortex
10:15 Coffee Break 10:45-11:30 Frank Ohl, Cortical Neurodynamics of auditory category learning 11:30 -12:15 Fritz Sommer Learning in embodied action-perception loops 12:15-14:00 Lunch Break SESSION: MUSICAL STRUCTURE 14:00-14:20 Tutorial: Musical structure and Computational Modeling (Martin Rohrmeler) 14:20-15:05 Martin Rohrmeier…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00593624.pdf
EFTA00881869
Dataset 9
2018-02-19
2p
580w
Subject:
Revised last Paragraph for our paper: Perception of the "Missing" FO following bilateral and cortex
From:
MARK TRAMO
To:
Louis D Braida Cory Bonn •MMIIIMME>
…pure-tones, harmonic-tones, and harmonic-tones without spectral energy at FO in the present experiments indicate that loss of finely-tuned neurons caused by lesions of
primary auditory cortex
and neighboring areas is sufficient to cause impaired perception of missing-FO pitch. At the same time, the results do not rule out the existence of a second, pattern- matching stage of central processing, nor do they rule out the possibility that
primary auditory cortex
contributes to pattern matching. With…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00881869.pdf
EFTA00668295
Dataset 9
2012-08-23
2p
790w
Subject:
Re: last month summary
To:
Jeffrey <
[email protected]
>
…pathway and to the
primary auditory cortex
. Throughout the radiation pathway, frequency organization is linear in accordance to neural sensitivity; (human auditory neurons react to vibrations in air pressure that occur between 20 to 20,000 times per second-20hz to 20,000hz on the human audible spectrum). However, binaural fusion in the superior oliviary complex affects the signal strength of each ganglion. As a result, six tonotopic maps have been identified in the
primary auditory cortex
of humans. Pitches…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00668295.pdf
EFTA00307631
Dataset 9
2012-03-19
5p
651w
…2012 SESSION: AUDITORY NEUROPHYSIOLOGY-1 9:10 - 9:30 Tutorial: Auditory Neurophysiology (Jan Schnupp) 9:30 - 10:15 Israel Nelken, Music and
Primary auditory cortex
10:15 Coffee Break 10:45-11:30 Frank Ohl, Cortical Neurodynamics of auditory category learning 11:30 -12:15 Fritz Sommer Learning in embodied action-perception loops 12:15-14:00 Lunch Break SESSION: MUSICAL STRUCTURE 14:00-14:20 Tutorial: Musical structure and Computational Modeling (Martin Rohrmeler) 14:20-15:05 Martin Rohrmeier…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00307631.pdf
EFTA00941810
Dataset 9
2012-08-23
3p
929w
Subject:
Re: last month summary
From:
Jeffrey Epstein <
[email protected]
>
…pathway and to the
primary auditory cortex
. Throughout the radiation pathway, frequency organization is linear in accordance to neural sensitivity; (human auditory neurons react to vibrations in air pressure that occur between 20 to 20,000 times per second-20hz to 20,000hz on the human audible spectrum). However, binaural fusion in the superior oliviary complex affects the signal strength of each ganglion. As a result, six tonotopic maps have been identified in the
primary auditory cortex
of humans. Pitches…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00941810.pdf
EFTA01100139
Dataset 9
2012-08-09
7p
5,945w
…and environmental sound perception, remains unclear. Recent experiments indicate that
primary auditory cortex
is necessary for the normally- high perceptual acuity exhibited by humans in pure-tone frequency discrimination. The present study assessed whether the auditory cortex plays a similar role in the intensity domain and contrasted its contribution to sensory versus discriminative aspects of intensity processing. We measured intensity thresholds for pure-tone detection and pure-tone loudness discrimination in a population of healthy adults and a middle-aged…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01100139.pdf
EFTA01005946
Dataset 9
2018-07-28
2p
729w
Subject:
Fwd: Detection vs. Discrimination vs. Recognition
From:
MARK TRAMO
To:
Jeffrey Epstein <
[email protected]
>
… 4) harmonic-tones with energy at high harmonics and FO; and S) high-frequency harmonic-tones without energy at FO. The last three hypotheses were supported by an existence proof provided by experiments with a middle-age man (Case Al+) who lost all of
primary auditory cortex
and much of auditory association cortex due to bilateral middle cerebral artery strokes. There was no evidence of a functional dissociation that would suggest selective loss of putative temporal or place-rate coding…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01005946.pdf
EFTA00715853
Dataset 9
2012-08-23
3p
971w
Subject:
Re: last month summary
From:
Jere mail.com>
To:
Jeffrey Epstein sleevacationggmail.com>
…pathway and to the
primary auditory cortex
. Throughout the radiation pathway, frequency organization is linear in accordance to neural sensitivity; (human auditory neurons react to vibrations in air pressure that occur between 20 to 20,000 times per second-20hz to 20,000hz on the human audible spectrum). However, binaural fusion in the superior oliviary complex affects the signal strength of each ganglion. As a result, six tonotopic maps have been identified in the
primary auditory cortex
of humans. Pitches…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00715853.pdf
EFTA00907683
Dataset 9
2018-01-18
3p
1,087w
Subject:
Re: Re Soho House and Dan participating in UCLA course (one afternoon in May)
From:
MARK TRAMO
To:
Dan Wilson
…top are: cochlear nucleus -> superior olivary complex -> nuclei of the lateral lemniscus -> inferior colliculus -> medial geniculate complex ->
primary auditory cortex
-> auditory association cortex -> and on to many areas in and "below" the cortex. What happens at each station is a major topic in auditory neuroscience research. I recorded signals from single neurons and small groups of neurons in
primary auditory cortex
and from the axons that connect spiral ganglion cells to the brain…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00907683.pdf
EFTA02705631
Dataset 11
12p
5,395w
…Dykstra AD, Braida LD, Koh CK, Tramo MJ Intensity discrimination following bilateral lesions of auditory cortex. Cognitive Neuroscience Society Abstracts 2007 #G93 70. Dykstra AD, Braida LD, Koh CK, Tramo MJ Role of
primary auditory cortex
in intensity processing and loudness perception. Music Language Mind Abstracts 2008 71. Dykstra AD, Braida LD, Koh CK, Tramo MJ Primary and secondary auditory cortex are necessary for fine-grained intensity processing and loudness discrimination. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 2010 72. Tramo MJ, Lense…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02705631.pdf
EFTA02682618
Dataset 11
15p
7,232w
…microelectrode recordings that avoided the confounding effects of anesthesia and, consequently, uncovered a temporal response characteristics and spectrotemporal receptive field properties (Tramo 1998; Tramo et al. I999a,b); • Experiments on the neural coding of species-specific communication sounds in the
primary auditory cortex
of alert rhesus monkeys that revealed a candidate coding scheme based on the coarse temporal pattern of responses to different vocalization categories (Tramo 1998; Tramo et al. 1996. 1998); • Experiments on auditory acuity and experience-dependent plasticity…
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02682618.pdf
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