…Endicott College, Beverly, Massachusetts, United States of America, 4 Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 5 Department of Bioethks, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 6 Department of Psychology, UnNersity of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom able physiological changes in response to placebo treatment that Abstract could explain how placebos alter symptoms. [2] A critical question is establishing how physicians mid other providers can take Background: Placebo treatment can significantly influ…